a.)transference. a. Which of the following is a key characteristic of her eating disorder? Test #4 Flashcards | Chegg.com c.)delusional thinking. b. genetic mutations. Twin studies suggest that Alzheimer's disease is influenced by, Which brain structure might be most active when answering the question "What do the following words have in common: plane, butter, insect? c.)Psychotherapy Which theory best explains why Abe adopted this new attitude? b. a. Answer by Guest. d.)A young man marries a wealthy middle-aged widow. As such, evolutionary psychologists would be most likely to predict that certain behaviors and traits are more likely to be present in individuals because they have been selected for over time due to their adaptive value in the environment in which they evolved. Briefly identify the agencys financial situation by answering the following questions. A baby girl receives a(n) ________ chromosome from her ________. )63 The evolutionary perspective suggests that this tendency to dwell on the negative more than the positive is simply one way the brain tries to keep us safe. b. )medical )the foot-in-the-door phenomenon. c.)interpreting the meaning of clients' nonverbal behaviors. You want to know whether having a nationally ranked football program means more or less money for academic programs at your university. Evolutionary psychologists presume all human behaviours reflect the influence of physical and psychological predispositions that helped human ancestors survive and reproduce. a. active or inactive. 1997], evolutionary psychologists [Buss, 1995; Tooby and Cosmides, 1992] have emphasized that humans (and other animals) evolved specific cognitive abilities to deal with recurring problems faced by our ancestors (e.g., obtaining food, acquiring a mate). d. c.)social exchange theory c. What is the probability that AcA^cAc and B4B_4B4 occur? a. degeneration of neural connections in visual reception areas of the brain. c.)the foot-in-the-door phenomenon b.)depression. Dec. 31. d.)phobias. c.)normative social influence. c.)the bystander effect. This ____________ will likely influence Cynthia to act negatively toward her neighbor. )persistent depressive disorder. a. c.)overly permissive child-rearing practices. d.)the mere exposure effect. c.)cooperation and social success at school. \end{array} d.)increase; increase, c.)being unable to remember one's own name or other important details about one's own life, Which of the following is an example of a dissociative experience that is pathological or abnormal? )attitudes toward and interaction with school authorities. a. Alternately, only one partner at any one time (serial monogamy) as compared to the various forms of non-monogamy (e.g., polygamy or polyamory).The term is also applied to the social behavior of some animals, referring to the state of . d.)genetic predispositions have little effect on our social relationships. )}\\ Although he has been diagnosed with schizophrenia, she still expects him to do things around the house. a.)phobia. d.)obsessive-compulsive disorder. e. She might be treated with: Consciousness is a. b. According to your textbook, DSM-5 has been criticized for: c.)8 X-ray. b. Cognitive dissonance theory emphasizes that we seek to reduce the discomfort we feel when we become aware that: )cognitive dissonance theory. )a dissociation. )generalized anxiety disorder. Sep. 1. In a disorder called _____, the person suffers from repetitive, intrusive, and unwanted thoughts and repetitive behaviors that the individual feels driven to perform. Depending on environmental conditions, specific genes can be either a.)schizophrenia. What is the probability that AAA occurs? c.)in reaction to abnormalities in brain chemistry. )narcissistic Since the beginnings of philosophical thought, the question of the nature and origin of pain has developed. The threadlike structures that contain genes are called b. c.)a dispositional attribution. b.)altruism. )Freud's psychoanalysis. Infographic: Evolutionary medicine can transform biomedicine and public health. )social anxiety disorder. The question of the extent to which evolution can be directed consciously has, however, recently come to the fore of non-Marxist evolutionary theory as well, as in . )informational social influence. )the pleasure principle; the reality principle )preconscious Your judgment best illustrates: )there is a genetic predisposition to schizophrenia. B) children are more likely to be valued by their biological fathers than by theirstepfathers. a. Evolutionary psychologists attribute the human tendency to fear snakes and heights to: a) gender schemas. a. B) describe how experimental hypotheses were derived from basic psychological principles. b. a.)self-concept. )disruptive mood dysregulation disorder, Which of the following is a new diagnostic label in DSM-5? failing to consider unconscious motivations. )Employed men spend an hour less on housework. A _____ is a syndrome marked by a clinically significant disturbance in an individual's cognition, emotion regulation, or behavior. Biological origins of gender differences objectives 1 B) epigenetics. PET scan. This best illustrates: )the unconscious. )People in the psychotherapy group improve at about the same rate as the people in the untreated group. Traditionally, psychologists have found sensation to be more interesting. In front of an audience, he tends to play his violin even more beautifully than when he is alone. d. d.)disorganized thinking. Design an experiment to test whether drinking alcohol influences people's tendency to become socially aggressive. Mar. d.)psychological disorder, Mark has attempted suicide twice in the last year. c.)less; more home environment and school environment. Sharon was admitted to the hospital with severe depression. Evolutionary psychologists are most likely to emphasize that human adaptiveness to a variety of different environments has contributed to human reproductive success Migdalia insists on wearing very feminine-looking outfits because she wants to be treated like a woman. This best illustrates the long-term impact of, Heredity most clearly contributes to individual difference in, Newborn Asian infants have been observed to be calmer and less reactive than newborn Caucasian infants. )Employed women have an hour more time to devote to taking care of the children. )disordered thinking. Recorded any necessary adjusting entry(s) relating to the investments. c.)interpersonal psychotherapy. Credit: Natterson-Horowitz et al. After rats were housed for 60 days in enriched environments, Kolb and Whishaw (1998) report that the number of synapses grew by about: b. the percentage of differences in intelligence among a group of individuals that is attributable to genetics. Gwen is quite upset and asks why she is always the one who cooks, cleans, and takes care of the children the majority of the time. d.)very rough guidelines for diagnosing mental disorders. d.)persistent depressive disorder. Evolutionary psychology, often known as the study of behavior, mind, and emotion, is a branch of evolutionary psychology. )cognitive dissonance theory d.)a larger number of synapses. genes or prenatal factors play a role in handedness. Test Prep. c.)the fundamental attribution error. )A young woman marries her high school sweetheart. a. What is this process called? a. c.)Asperger syndrome b. b. )A young woman marries a successful middle-aged man. )are at decreased risk for antisocial behavior. Which of the following has been demonstrated to provide relief for those who suffer from a seasonal pattern of depression symptoms? b. Men rape women much more frequently than women rape men. b. 1. Question 2. b. a. To determine if the drug is effective, he should: It only arises after basic psychological and physiological needs are met and self-esteem is achieved. a. c.)epigenetic molecule. )the mere exposure effect. e. a. a.)self-transcendence. Frontiers | The Evolutionary Psychology of Envy and Jealousy According to Allport, personality should be described in terms of: effortless encoding of incidental information into memory. The next week, your wife can't believe you agreed to put the 3-foot sign on the front lawn. Today's Psychology Can't Help American Men AmericanInstrumentsbondsM&DCorporationbonds(Hint:Interestmustbeaccrued.)$850,000$1,460,000. Material from the introduction and chapters 1, 4, and 5 has been taken from the following essays by Marcus Nordlund: "Theorising Early Modern Jealousy: A Biocultural Perspective on Shake-speare's Othello," Studia Neophilologica 74, no. c.)children are more likely to be safely cared for by biological fathers than by their stepfathers. D. gender typing. This best illustrates the influence of ________ on development, Carl and Shirley are both mentally retarded because their mothers drank heavily during their embryonic development. Thus, genes are said to be: Dr. Miller is studying the evolution of behavior and the mind, using principles of natural selection. sperm or eggs. )obsessive-compulsive disorder. )behavior geneticist. An evolutionary psychologist would be likely to suggest that human preferences for sweet-tasting foods. )the reality principle; the pleasure principle, According to Freud, the ego is guided by the _____, whereas the id is guided by the _____. a. AP Psychology first half Flashcards - flashcardmachine.com )frontal lobes )cultural practices. Choose one of the CFO Act agencies to evaluate. factors that trigger us to behave aggressively towards others. Be sure to specify your experimental hypothesis and identify your dependent and. b. For example, twin and adoption studies indicate that biological relatives of those with antisocial personality disorder: For instance, evolutionary psychologists hypothesize that men may be more prone to casual sex because it benefits their ability to pass on genes. Which of the following fictional research findings is the best evidence against the idea that "our lives are determined by our experiences"? b. d.)schizophrenia. Males' superiority on most spatial tasks has been attributed to the adaptive demands of hunting. Evolutionary psychologists would be most likely to predict that: d.)She can make the participants think she is unsure of her role as an authority figure. a. As Daniel de Vis, a writer for The Hill, recently noted, more than 60 percent of the country's young men are single, "nearly twice . c.)the superego The current meta-analysis examined 41 studies drawn primarily from North America and Europe and published between 1978 to 2020. a. 50 Social Change Research Paper Topics - iResearchNet a. d.)Xanax. Major Perspectives in Modern Psychology - Verywell Mind )mental retardation a. )lobotomy )2 weeks )posttraumatic growth. d.)electrical activity. The tendency to exaggerate the impact of child-raising practices on children's personalities has been most characteristic of: c.)Employed men spend about an hour and a half more per day working than do employed women. )aggressive instinct a. b. In this case, the heritability would be closest to. c.)The behavior causes Naima distress. d.)linkage analysis. d.)erotic plasticity. Evolutionary psychologists emphasize that environmentally adaptive behaviors are those that have promoted a. reproductive success. a. Evolutionary psychology maintains that sex differences develop biologically as people adapt to changes in the environment. Yen is designing an experiment on obedience to authority. b.)deindividuation. d.)do all of these things. )including some conditions that are too "normal" to be considered disorders, such as extreme sadness related to bereavement. )decreasing rate of depression. )foot-in-the-door phenomenon. b. Males in their ________ are most likely to be sexually attracted to women who are several years older rather than several years younger than themselves. d.)All of these things classify Naima's behavior as a psychological disorder. religious beliefs; personality traits c.)roles. d.)Beck's cognitive therapy. The study of the relative power and limits of genetic and environmental influences on behavior and personality traits is known as A. molecular genetics. c.)selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI). During a test, Abe impulsively copied several answers from a nearby student's paper. The old dogma has always been that the most complex aspects of human emotions are driven by culture; Germans and English are thought to be straight-laced whereas Italians and Indians are effusive. a. )genetic diversity. d.)mania. One strategy to evaluate the effectiveness of psychotherapy is to compare people who enter psychotherapy with a matched control group of people who do not receive psychotherapy. AP Practice Chapter 4 Flashcards - Easy Notecards Cultural Consideration c.)20 percent. a. This is known as the: Concepts of masculinity and femininity that influence our comprehension of the world are called gender: )nicotine can temporarily increase norepinephrine, a neurotransmitter scarce in people with depression. e. An evolutionary psychologist would suggest that people are genetically predisposed to: a. In the original Milgram obedience experiment, men aged 20 to 50 had complied fully ________ percent of the time. Include totals for net income, comprehensive income, and retained earnings as a result of these investments. )biological psychologist. behavior and mental processes. Evolutionary psychologists emphasize that environmentally adaptive behaviors are those that have promoted: a. reproductive success The prevalence of genetically predisposed traits which have a reproductive advantage is best explained in terms of: b. natural selection a. D-cycloserine helps relieve the symptoms of: He hears voices, has disturbed emotions, and his behavior is very bizarre and erratic. )stimulus generalization. )a situational attribution. Jonah has schizophrenia. )persistent depressive disorder. d.)interpersonal psychotherapy. a. When scientists compared the brains of rats raised in an enriched environment with the brains of rats raised in an impoverished environment, the rats raised in an enriched environment had: )nicotine can temporarily increase serotonin, a neurotransmitter overabundant in people with depression. c.)She can make sure the participants know that she has a Ph.D. from a prestigious university. Evolutionary psychology focuses on how universal patterns of behavior and cognitive processes have evolved over time. b. c.)catatonia )obsessive-compulsive disorder b. Uploaded By Jah70ssan. a. )83 c.)pleasure principle; moral principle b. 45 Evolutionary psychology is most likely to emphasize that human b. Lenore most likely suffers from a(n): answer choices. )patient unconsciously responding to the therapist as though the therapist were a significant person in the patient's life. B1B2B3B4A0.090.220.150.20AC0.030.100.090.12\begin{array}{|c|c|c|c|c|} d.)hindsight bias. Reinforcements, like praise from caregivers, are the most powerful motivator for most children. Memory can be defined as the internal storage or faculty that stores the information and facilitates in retrieval whenever required. )active listening. a. c.)transgender. Cross-cultural research on human development indicates that: b. developmental processes are highly similar among individuals raised in different cultures. c.)There is no known link between smoking and depression. c.)seek healthy-looking mates. c.)hoarding disorder a. b. )maternal instinct d.)cell nucleus. )learned helplessness. Evolutionary theorists assert that gender differences in spatial abilities reflect the division of labour in ancestral hunting and gathering societies in which males typically handled the hunting and females the gathering. d.)the attitudes-follow-behavior principle, You decide to make a positive change in your life. Alex's behavior suggests that he is in the _____ stage of psychosexual development. )"Objectivity does not guarantee validity." Dr. Miller is studying the evolution of behavior and the mind using principles of natural selection. )do not increase; increase Alex Murdaugh, sentenced to life in prison after conviction in double murder trial, during his sentencing at the Colleton County Courthouse in Walterboro, S.C . A sense of being separated from one's own body and watching oneself with a sense of detachment is a symptom of: b. b. )overestimating the consistency of behavior from one situation to another. )behavior geneticists. Tenet 1 emphasizes the cognitivism that evolutionary psychologists are committed to. frontal lobes )positive symptoms. d. a. )an eclectic approach. "Evolutionary psychology and its causal mechanisms," he said, "are more fundamental than other branches of psychology and their causal explanations, which mostly deal with whole human beings." To reject evolutionary psychology is to reject broader reality; an outright rejection of biological and evolved realities is occurring. d.)1 week, A patient recently admitted to the hospital is complaining of auditory hallucinations. a. In this paper, we analyze the findings of biology and evolutionary medicine to better understand the phenomenon of pain . chromosomes. )the bystander effect. a. d.)being unaware of the fact that she has an eating disorder, _____ can be described as the use of psychological techniques to increase understanding and treat emotional, behavioral, and interpersonal problems. This is caused by: c.)chameleon effect. He felt very uncomfortable about having done this until he convinced himself that copying answers is not wrong if classmates are careless enough to expose their test sheets. b. 7 major approaches to Psychology - 7 APPROACHES TO PSYCHOLOGY - GSU HSE. d.)A paper-and-pencil. )less curiosity about their environment. The value of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) is in part due to the effectiveness of a. However, it also raises the question of how an omnipotent and morally perfect God can allow so much pain and suffering in the world. a. )Darlene effectively cope with posttraumatic stress disorder. b. b. d.)client's expectation that psychotherapy will make things better. )the placebo effect. Evolutionary psychologists are most likely to emphasize that human adaptiveness to a variety of different environments has contributed to human a. naturalistic observation. It is difficult to evaluate the effectiveness of psychotherapy because: 2 (2002): 146-60 and "The Problem of Romantic Love: Shakespeare and Evolutionary Psychology" in . )Larry effectively cope with dissociative identity disorder. b.)glutamate. )self-blaming and overgeneralized explanations. d) behavior geneticist. d Last week Tate went into the hospital for a painful medical procedure. c.)reaction formation. Evolutionary psychologists would most likely explain this in terms of sex differences in: Professor Archibald suggests that men are more likely than women to initiate casual sex because this has proven to be a more successful reproductive strategy for men than for women. Contrary to finding a middle-aged man and behavior often emphasized sex with emotional closeness psychology of dating prospects. f. Given that AAA has occurred, what is the probability that B4B_4B4 occurs? Three benefits attributed to all psychotherapies are: a. )increasing )illustrate neural plasticity. Development Research suggests that this negativity bias starts to emerge in infancy. c.)persistent depressive disorder. This compulsive overthinking is called: chapter 4 Flashcards | Chegg.com )aversive conditioning. )not use a placebo. e. a. )major depressive disorder. Sold the Distribution Transformers bonds for $425,000. Compared with northern Europeans, people from Mediterranean cultures are ________ likely to be emotionally expressive and ________ likely to be punctual, In comparison to 40 years age, today American women are more likely to marry for the sake of, Genes are to the perpetuation of individuals as ________ are to the perpetuation of cultures. The Evolutionary Perspective Evolutionary psychology focuses on the study of how the theory of evolution can explain physiological processes. Although EP has yielded many theoretical advances and empirical discoveries, it has provoked resistance from some scholars in the social sciences ( Confer et al., 2010; Laland and Brown, 2011 ). c.)73 b. \end{array} But most days, he sits in a chair with no expression on his face. b. Discuss. a. a. PSY chap 4 practice test Flashcards | Quizlet The heritability of a specific trait will be lowest among genetically ________ individuals who have been raised in ________ environments. According to evolutionary psychology all humans share a universal _____ that has survived from a distant past in which we lived in small groups and punished those who directly harmed others. d.)major depressive disorder. The BLS does not specifically identify evolutionary psychology as a separate field, however, the American Psychological Association places the annual yearly salary for experimental psychology - a closely related field - at a range of $76,090-$116,343. )bipolar disorder. In promoting personality growth, the person-centered perspective emphasizes everything EXCEPT: the process of organizing and interpreting sensory information. but when his son has a fistfight he says, "Did you win?!" )enabling clients to feel unconditionally accepted. )sex hormones. One cluster expresses anxiety, such as that exhibited in ______________ personality disorder. The localization of a function such as speech production to the right or left side of the brain is called The fundamental attribution error best illustrates that we may often underestimate the importance of: Diagram the conflict process model and describe six structural sources of conflict in organizations. b. She nearly killed herself by slitting her wrists. b. Evolutionary psychology studies the evolution of behavior and the mind using principles of natural selection Evolutionary psychologists are most likely to emphasize that human adaptiveness to a variety of different environments has contributed to human reproductive success. This suggestion best illustrates, Evolutionary psychologists suggest that when compared to women, men are ________ concerned with maintaining a youthful appearance and ________ concerned with achieving social power, Jack aspires to become a corporate executive because he wants to earn a huge salary. c.)psychological This best illustrates the impact of gender typing d.)spontaneous recovery. Evolutionary psychologists emphasize that. a. Which brain structure relays information from the eyes to the visual cortex? b. )25 Evolutionary psychologists would be most likely to predict that Opposing counsel asks you if this is an objective instrument. neurogenesis. b. Since the time of Darwin, there have been many other scientists who have. Key Words: Notes: 4. b. d.)schizophrenia. )educational goals. The early school of psychology known as functionalism was developed by: William James Which psychologist was the first woman to receive a Ph.D. in psychology after Harvard University declined to give Mary Calkins the Ph.D.? )becoming so absorbed in reading a book that we don't hear the telephone ring In which of the following countries do people generally prefer to maintain the largest personal space? b. Raine reported reduced activity in the murderers' _____________ , which is a brain area that helps with impulse control. )the id a. a greater proportion of women than men are left-handed. )Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) Social Media Era: People Spend Most of Their Lifetime in Enhancing A person's temperament is best illustrated by his or her characteristic level of, Lynnae is usually timid and fearful, whereas her sister Eileen is typically relaxed and fearless. e. behavior genetics. a. Diane has a free-floating anxiety that leaves her tense, irritable, impairs her concentration, and leaves her with many sleepless nights. d.)clients never speak kindly about their therapists. This is most likely due to: To help Monica overcome her nearly irresistible craving for chocolate, a therapist provides her with a supply of chocolate candies that contain solidified droplets of a harmless but very bitter-tasting substance. Evolutionary psychology studies the evolution of behavior andthe mind using principles of humanistic psychology. )waking up from a nap and momentarily thinking that a dream event really happened c. cultural diversity. )enabling clients to feel unconditionally accepted. a. c.)normative social influence. When researchers combine and summarize the results of studies using this strategy, what overall conclusions emerge? d.)Ninety percent of the time the mother stays home with the children when they are sick. d.)our attitudes and actions clash. d.)borderline. b. His doctor told him that it is likely that he smokes so much because: c.)resilience. b. Shakespeare and the Nature of Love_ Literature, Culture, Evolution thoughts, feelings, and perceptions. Evolutionary psychology is the observation of behavior, concept, and feeling as regarded through the lens of evolutionary biology. c.)An empirically derived c.)Maslow's hierarchy of needs. c.)our efforts to achieve a goal have been blocked. However, it generally may take up to ________ for this type of antidepressant to reach full effect. e. Page 1 c. None. Introduction to Psychology chapter 1 by - Issuu