[148] In the second account, Diodorus recounts that Alexander was struck with pain after downing a large bowl of unmixed wine in honour of Heracles followed by 11 days of weakness; he did not develop a fever, instead dying after some agony. WebAlexander III of Macedon (Ancient Greek: , romanized: Alexandros; 20/21 July 356 BC 10/11 June 323 BC), commonly known as Alexander the Great, was a king of the ancient Greek kingdom of Macedon. [110], When Alexander set out for Asia, he left his general Antipater, an experienced military and political leader and part of Philip II's "Old Guard", in charge of Macedon. [70], In spring 333 BC, Alexander crossed the Taurus into Cilicia. The Macedonians quickly begged forgiveness, which Alexander accepted, and held a great banquet with several thousand of his men. After the death of Spitamenes and his marriage to Roxana (Raoxshna in Old Iranian) to cement relations with his new satrapies, Alexander turned to the Indian subcontinent. He is known as 'the great' both for his Alexander the Great, also known as Alexander III or Alexander of Macedonia is known as one of the greatest generals in all history. [98] Alexander buried Darius's remains next to his Achaemenid predecessors in a regal funeral. WebThe story is an epic that is as daring and ambitious as its subject, a relentless conqueror who by the age of 32 had amassed the greatest empire the world had ever seen. Writing shortly after Alexander's death, Onesicritus invented a tryst between Alexander and Thalestris, queen of the mythical Amazons. This included commissioning sculptures by Lysippos, paintings by Apelles and gem engravings by Pyrgoteles. Although his successors explicitly rejected such policies, Hellenization occurred throughout the region, accompanied by a distinct and opposite 'Orientalization' of the successor states. Along the way his army conquered the Malhi (in modern-day Multan) and other Indian tribes and Alexander sustained an injury during the siege. Alexander was born in 356 B.C.E. on the country in which you live. [183] Diodorus, Curtius and Justin offered the more plausible story that Alexander passed his signet ring to Perdiccas, a bodyguard and leader of the companion cavalry, in front of witnesses, thereby nominating him. WebAlexander Colleges student information system is called MyAC. UPCOMING EVENTS. [144] Hephaestion's death devastated Alexander and he ordered the preparation of an expensive funeral pyre in Babylon along with a decree for public mourning. [102] Pierre Briant explains that Alexander realized that it was insufficient to merely exploit the internal contradictions within the imperial system as in Asia Minor, Babylonia or Egypt; he also had to (re)create a central government with or without the support of the Iranians. Ptolemy IX Lathyros, one of Ptolemy's final successors, replaced Alexander's sarcophagus with a glass one so he could convert the original to coinage. Demades likened the Macedonian army, after the death of Alexander, to the blinded Cyclops, due to the many random and disorderly movements that it made. Alexander was born in 356 B.C.E. FIRE DEPT. The Hellenistic period developed through the Roman Empire into modern Western culture; the Greek language became the lingua franca of the region and was the predominant language of the Byzantine Empire up until its collapse in the mid-15th century AD. [216], Alexander's legacy extended beyond his military conquests, and his reign marked a turning point in European and Asian history. Alexander: Directed by Oliver Stone. The advance was successful and broke Darius's center, causing the latter to flee once again. Alexander was the son of King Philip II of Macedonia, a realm north of Greece. Further south, at Halicarnassus, in Caria, Alexander successfully waged his first large-scale siege, eventually forcing his opponents, the mercenary captain Memnon of Rhodes and the Persian satrap of Caria, Orontobates, to withdraw by sea. [294][295] It was said that the bridge was to rival the Persian king Xerxes' pontoon bridge crossing of the Hellespont. [141], Historical sources frequently give conflicting accounts of Alexander's appearance, and the earliest sources are the most scant in their detail. Greek astronomical treatise) and Paulisa Siddhanta texts depict the influence of Greek astronomical ideas on Indian astronomy. [233] Thus, rather than megalomania, his behaviour may have been a practical attempt at strengthening his rule and keeping his empire together. [181][220] His unique abilities were further demonstrated by the inability of any of his generals to unite Macedonia and retain the Empire after his deathonly Alexander had the ability to do so. WebAlexander III of Macedon (Ancient Greek: , romanized: Alexandros; 20/21 July 356 BC 10/11 June 323 BC), commonly known as Alexander the Great, was a king of the ancient Greek kingdom of Macedon. [107] The cities' locations reflected trade routes as well as defensive positions. "[263] This inscription is one of the few independent archaeological discoveries confirming an episode from Alexander's life. This was a sign of Caracalla's increasingly erratic behaviour. [310], According to Josephus, Alexander was shown the Book of Daniel when he entered Jerusalem, which described a mighty Greek king who would conquer the Persian Empire. in Pella, Macedonia, to King Philip II. At which Alexander reproachfully insulted over him: "See there," said he, "the man who makes preparations to pass out of Europe into Asia, overturned in passing from one seat to another. Plutarch's account is that roughly 14 days before his death, Alexander entertained admiral Nearchus and spent the night and next day drinking with Medius of Larissa. FIRE DEPT. It is one of a group of disorders, called leukodystrophies, that involve the destruction of myelin. WebFind your Area of Focus. HOME. Menu. As a young boy, Alexander was taught to read, write, and play the lyre. [50] He also had two Macedonian princes from the region of Lyncestis killed for having been involved in his father's assassination, but spared a third, Alexander Lyncestes. Gender: Alexander is frequently used as a boy name. [173][174], Pompey, Julius Caesar and Augustus all visited the tomb in Alexandria, where Augustus, allegedly, accidentally knocked the nose off. For having had all they could do to repulse an enemy who mustered only twenty thousand infantry and two thousand horse, they violently opposed Alexander when he insisted on crossing the river Ganges also, the width of which, as they learned, was thirty-two furlongs [6.4km], its depth one hundred fathoms [180m], while its banks on the further side were covered with multitudes of men-at-arms and horsemen and elephants. [62], After his victory at the Battle of Chaeronea (338 BC), Philip II began the work of establishing himself as hgemn (Greek: ) of a league which according to Diodorus was to wage a campaign against the Persians for the sundry grievances Greece suffered in 480 and free the Greek cities of the western coast and islands from Achaemenid rule. [144][244] This event may have contributed to Alexander's failing health and detached mental state during his final months. Menu. [39], At the wedding of Cleopatra, whom Philip fell in love with and married, she being much too young for him, her uncle Attalus in his drink desired the Macedonians would implore the gods to give them a lawful successor to the kingdom by his niece. ", Peter Turchin, Thomas D. Hall and Jonathan M. Adams, ", Louis Antoine Fauvelet de Bourrienne, Memoirs of Napoleon Bonaparte, pp 158. According to the legend, after Alexander hunted on the Mount Pagus, he slept under a plane tree at the sanctuary of Nemesis. WebAlexander III of Macedon (Ancient Greek: , romanized: Alexandros; 20/21 July 356 BC 10/11 June 323 BC), commonly known as Alexander the Great, was a king of the ancient Greek kingdom of Macedon. [197] During his lifetime, Alexander carefully curated his image by commissioning works from famous and great artists of the time. [140], After three days, unable to persuade his men to back down, Alexander gave Persians command posts in the army and conferred Macedonian military titles upon Persian units. Nicknames for Alexander include Alex, Xander, and Sasha. With Anthony Hopkins, David Bedella, Jessie Kamm, Angelina Jolie. Origin: The name Alexander is the Latin form of the Greek name Alexandros. By the age of 30, he had created one of the largest empires in history, stretching from Greece to northwestern India. [304] His court historian Callisthenes portrayed the sea in Cilicia as drawing back from him in proskynesis. Greek-speaking communities in central Anatolia and in far-eastern Anatolia survived until the Greek genocide and GreekTurkish population exchanges of the early 20th century AD. [198] Ancient authors recorded that Alexander was so pleased with portraits of himself created by Lysippos that he forbade other sculptors from crafting his image; scholars today, however, find the claim dubious. [57] The Macedonians marched into the country of the Triballi, and defeated their army near the Lyginus river[58] (a tributary of the Danube). Crossing the river at night, he surprised them and forced their army to retreat after the first cavalry skirmish. Irish playwright Aubrey Thomas de Vere wrote Alexander the Great, a Dramatic Poem. Web281 James D. Nabors Drive, Alexander City, AL 35010 (256) 329-6700 During the ensuing Battle of Chaeronea, Philip commanded the right wing and Alexander the left, accompanied by a group of Philip's trusted generals. With the Athenians lost, the Thebans were surrounded. WebTel: 540-443-9250 Hours: 8:00 4:30 EST M-F Email: [email protected] Address: 104 Centre Court, Radford, VA 24141 A juicy, generously marbled steak and one of the tenderest cuts of beef. Philip II had waged war against the Thracians to the north, which left Alexander in charge as regent and heir apparent. Buy Now. [205][206][207], Many scholars and historians attribute heterochromia to him. in Pella, Macedonia, to King Philip II. [85] He sent the bulk of his army to the Persian ceremonial capital of Persepolis via the Persian Royal Road. [286] Alexander was used by these writers as an example of ruler values such as amicita (friendship) and clementia (clemency), but also iracundia (anger) and cupiditas gloriae (over-desire for glory). [275] On the Silk Road trade routes, Hellenistic culture hybridized with Iranian and Buddhist cultures. "[123] A similar slaughter followed at Ora. [263][264][265], Libanius wrote that Alexander founded the temple of Zeus Bottiaios (Ancient Greek: ), in the place where later the city of Antioch was built. Therefore, since his feet did not reach its lowest step, once of the royal pages placed a table under his feet. AFTERSHOCK STICKER PACK $20.00. He is known as 'the great' both for his Its meaning is derived from the components alexo (I defend) and aner (man). Campaigning against the Greek city of Perinthus, Alexander reportedly saved his father's life. [279] For example, Greek astronomical instruments dating to the 3rd century BC were found in the Greco-Bactrian city of Ai Khanoum in modern-day Afghanistan,[280] while the Greek concept of a spherical Earth surrounded by the spheres of planets eventually supplanted the long-standing Indian cosmological belief of a disc consisting of four continents grouped around a central mountain (Mount Meru) like the petals of a flower. FIRE DEPT. [22], During his youth, Alexander was also acquainted with Persian exiles at the Macedonian court, who received the protection of Philip II for several years as they opposed Artaxerxes III. [47][48][49], Alexander began his reign by eliminating potential rivals to the throne. During this turmoil, the Illyrians invaded Macedonia, only to be repelled by Alexander. [83] Darius once more fled the field, and Alexander chased him as far as Arbela. [17] Some of the cities he founded became major cultural centers, many surviving into the 21st century. The correct answer is "He is alive and well and rules the world!" [15] Such legends may have emerged when Alexander was king, and possibly at his instigation, to show that he was superhuman and destined for greatness from conception. Alexanders father, Philip II of Macedon, hired Aristotle, one of historys greatest philosophers,, to educate the 13-year-old prince. [72] [211] However, some have denied this claim as being used to emphasise the otherworldly and heroic qualities of Alexander. The Athenians, led by Demosthenes, voted to seek alliance with Thebes against Macedonia. Macedonian losses were negligible compared to those of the Persians. The anguish that Alexander felt after Hephaestion's death may also have contributed to his declining health. Alexander I, Russian in full Aleksandr Pavlovich, (born December 23 [December 12, Old Style], 1777, St. Petersburg, Russiadied December 1 [November 19], 1825, Taganrog), emperor of Russia (180125), who alternately fought and befriended Napoleon I during the Napoleonic Wars but who ultimately (181315) helped form the It was originally thought to have been the sarcophagus of Abdalonymus (died 311 BC), the king of Sidon appointed by Alexander immediately following the battle of Issus in 331. As in Tyre, men of military age were put to the sword and the women and children were sold into slavery. These Greco-Buddhist kingdoms sent some of the first Buddhist missionaries to China, Sri Lanka and Hellenistic Asia and Europe (Greco-Buddhist monasticism). Commerce. In the area of architecture, a few examples of the Ionic order can be found as far as Pakistan with the Jandial temple near Taxila. 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